Global Antimicrobial Resistance: Strategies and Challenges: Antimicrobial Resistance: Strategies and Challenges

Sajad Ali Laghari; Qudratullah Kalwar; Muhammad Mohsen Rahimoon; Abdul Saboor; Fazul U Rahman Soomro; Fayaz Hussain; Taj Muhammad; Mansoor Ahmed Soomro; Atta U Rahman Soomro

doi:10.54393/mjz.v6i1.146

Authors

Sajad Ali Laghari Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sakrand, Pakistan
Qudratullah Kalwar Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sakrand, Pakistan
Muhammad Mohsen Rahimoon Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sakrand, Pakistan
Abdul Saboor Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sakrand, Pakistan
Fazul U Rahman Soomro Department of Wild Life Management, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sakrand, Pakistan
Fayaz Hussain Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sakrand, Pakistan
Taj Muhammad Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sakrand, Pakistan
Mansoor Ahmed Soomro Department of Livestock Management, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam, Pakistan
Atta U Rahman Soomro Department of Poultry Science, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Sakrand, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54393/mjz.v6i1.146

Keywords:

Antibiotics, Antimicrobial, Bacteria Mechanism, Resistance

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical health challenge worldwide, that arises when bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites become resistant to antimicrobial medications, making diseases more challenging to treat. The enzymatic breakdown of antibiotics, modifications to target locations, elevated efflux pumps, and changes in cell membrane permeability are some of the processes behind AMR. A key factor behind the development and transmission of AMR has been the unregulated use of livestock feed for preventive purposes. Rapid global expansion of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is posing a hidden pandemic risk to public health and demanding immediate action. The misuse and unnecessary overreliance on antibiotics in human medicine is one of the many contributing factors of AMR, veterinary practices, and agriculture, as well as inadequate infection prevention strategies, lack of diagnostic tools, and inadequate sanitation. Preventive measures against AMR involve promoting the rational use of antibiotics through antimicrobial stewardship, improving infection control practices, advancing rapid diagnostic technologies, reducing antibiotic use in food production, and increasing public awareness. Efforts must also focus on global collaboration to monitor resistance trends, enhance regulatory frameworks, and invest in research to develop novel antimicrobial agents and alternative therapies. Addressing AMR requires an interdisciplinary and coordinated approach to safeguard the efficacy of current antimicrobial treatments and reduce the occurrence of resistance.

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