Impact of Almond Oil, Amla Oil and Coconut Oil on the Growth and Virulence of Entomopathogenic Strains against Bactrocera Zonata Maggots: Effect of Oils on Entomopathogenic Strains against Maggots

Madeeha Shahid; Muhammad Dildar Gogi; Aadab Akhtar; Sadia Saeed; Sobia Kanwal; Sonia Fazal; Rabia Aftab Hassan; Amir Anees; Arif Nadeem

doi:10.54393/mjz.v5i02.112

Authors

Madeeha Shahid Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Muhammad Dildar Gogi Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Aadab Akhtar Department of Zoology, Government College Women University Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan
Sadia Saeed Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Sobia Kanwal Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Sonia Fazal Department of Botany, The Woman University Multan, Multan, Pakistan
Rabia Aftab Hassan Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Amir Anees Department of Zoology, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
Arif Nadeem Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54393/mjz.v5i02.112

Keywords:

Fruit Fly, Entomopathogenic Fungal Strains, Oils, Virulence, Bacterocera Zonata

Abstract

Fruit flies, particularly Bactrocera zonata, are significant pests causing major agricultural losses. Chemical control methods result in pesticide residues, making alternative strategies essential. This study examines the impact of almond, amla, and coconut oils on the growth and virulence of entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) against B. zonata larvae. Objectives: To evaluate the effects of almond, amla, and coconut oils on the efficacy of nine EPF strains in controlling B. zonata larvae by assessing spore germination rates, lethal concentrations (LC₅₀and LC₉₀), and lethal times (LT₅₀ and LT₉₀). Methods: The study was conducted at the University of Agriculture Faisalabad. Infested fruits were collected from citrus and guava orchards on campus. EPF strains were cultured on ¼ SDAY media with the three oils at seven concentrations (5%-35%) in IPM Laboratory of Department of Entomology UAF. Spore germination, LC₅₀, LC₉₀, LT₅₀, and LT₉₀ values were assessed in the lab. Results: Metarhizium pinghaense (MBC709), Lecanicillium attenuatum (MBC807), and Isaria farinose (MBC389) showed significant responses to oils and concentrations. Metarhizium aniopliae (F52) exhibited the highest virulence with the lowest LC₅₀ (5.11×10^10 cfu/ml) and LC₉₀(3.26×10^13 cfu/ml) values after 3 days. Conclusions: Metarhizium aniopliae (F52) showed the highest virulence, followed by Isaria javanica (MBC524) and Beauveria brongniartii (MBC397). Beauveria brongniartii (MBC397) had the shortest LT₅₀, indicating the highest mortality rate. This study highlights the potential of using EPF strains with oils for effective B. zonata management, offering a promising integrated pest management strategy.

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